What is metal saw blade? Explanation of materials and blade types!
Table of contents [hidden]
What is metal saw blade?
metal saw blade is a circular saw made of metal for cutting purposes.
There are names for each part as follows:
1. Bore
The hole that connects to the cutting machine. The diameter (size) varies depending on the machine manufacturer and model.
The bore diameter is expressed as 32h (bore diameter 32 mm) or 50h (bore diameter 50 mm).
②Pinhole
A hole that assists in connecting to a cutting machine.
The number and diameter (size) of pinholes vary depending on the machine manufacturer and model.
(iii) Hub
cutting The center end face that makes contact with the machine when it is connected to the machine.
④ Effective diameter
This is the range that can be cutting. Each time you grind it, it decreases.
⑤Pitch
It represents the length between the crests of the saw blade. In the above diagram, the pitch is 5mm and is expressed as P5.
When expressing the model of metal saw blade,
315Φ (outer diameter) x 2.5t (thickness) x 32h (bore diameter) x P5 (or number of teeth) + tooth type
and each has its own meaning.
>>Download the Daido Kogyo metal saw blade catalog
About the material of metal saw blade
High-speed steel, also known as metal saw blade, was developed to make up for the low softening resistance of tool steel at high temperatures and to be used as a tool material that enables cutting of metal materials at higher speeds. It is also called high-speed tool steel.
"High Speed Steel" is a contraction of "High Speed Steel,"The name and high speed steel, abbreviated as HSS, is made by adding chromium and tungsten to the steel to increase its hardness and softening resistance at high temperatures. It is made by adding a large amount of metal components such as molybdenum and vanadium, and is used after being subjected to heat treatment such as quenching, and then being shaped by polishing.
Compared to cemented carbide, it has inferior wear resistance but is superior in toughness and can be cut at higher speeds.Today, powder metallurgy is used to refine the structure and create even higher alloys.
The formation of highly wear-resistant coatings such as titanium nitride (TiN) on the surfaces of "sintered high-speed (tool) steel" (powdered high speed steel) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods is actively being carried out. Cemented carbide, including these, is used as a material for tools used in metal processing in areas where toughness is lacking, mainly drills, end mills, and metal saw blades.
In addition, high-speed steel with added cobalt is especially called "cobalt high-speed steel" and has higher tempering resistance and high-temperature hardness, and is used for drilling stainless steel that is exposed to higher temperatures during machining. Masu.
The Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) specifies 13 types of high-speed steel as "JIS G4403." Among these, high-speed steel is identified by the symbol ``SKH'' preceding the number, which stands for Steel, Kougu (tool), and High-speed.
Excerpt from Wikipedia
Remember that metal saw blade are made of HSS (high speed steel) and cobalt high speed steel. In other countries, they are called M2 and M35.
About cutting with metal saw blade
The diagram below shows how the cutting edge of metal saw blade penetrates the material.
*Excerpt from Kinkelder materials
As can be seen from this figure, the cutting edge of the metal saw blade cuts into the material (cutting),
It is metal saw blade cutting to make chips and generate heat due to friction.
*The above process causes wear on the cutting edge metal saw blade.
>>Download the Daido Kogyo metal saw blade catalog
About the blade type of metal saw blade
We will introduce three typical blade types of metal saw blade.
①High and low blade (HZ・C)
It has been considered the basic blade shape for metal saw blade.
Material to be cutting: For solid and thick materials
Cutting resistance: Small (2 blades divide chips into 3)
Surface roughness: Coarse Pitch: 4 or more
Note: Suitable for hard-to-cut materials
②Alternate blades (Chidori, BW, Chamfering)
This is the basics for thin-walled pipes, etc.
Material to be cutting: For thin-walled pipes
Cutting resistance: Medium (2/3 of saw blade)
Surface roughness: Fine Pitch: 3-4
Note: For low speed/manual machines
③Groove blade (notch/CB/BN)
The latest technology is here.
Materials to be cutting: thin-walled pipes, etc.
Cutting resistance: Large (one blade splits chips into two)
Surface roughness: Fine Pitch: 4-9
Remarks: For automatic machines. High speed rotation produces beautiful cutting surfaces.
*Requires mechanical rigidity and coating. Not suitable for angle cutting (can be used if angle cutting is not an issue)
These three blade types are the basics, but we also have a track record of using grooved blades on solid wood with an emphasis on surface roughness. Blade types other than those listed above (e.g. uneven pitch, etc.) technology exploration tooIt is being actively carried out.
*The usage limits of metal saw blade and the criteria for determining whether something can be cut or not vary from user to user, so the basic principle is to ultimately determine the blade type specifically for the user after conducting actual cutting tests.
We will support you in establishing such judgment criteria.
About pitch selection
※The important thing is to check cutting length ※
cutting length is the longest distance that saw blade cuts into the material.
*From Kinkelder materials
The above diagram shows how our Kaltenbach cutting machine cuts a square pipe from bottom to top, and shows the part of the square pipe where cutting length (the longest distance that saw blade cuts into the material) is longest.
The pitch (number of teeth) of saw blade must be determined based on cutting length that places the load on this number one blade.
Why is it necessary to select the pitch (number of teeth) according to cutting length?
If one blade is pushed up with respect to the cutting length, cutting from below, chips and heat will be generated in the material.
The chips of the material act as a load, which causes wear on the blade and affects the wear and tear of the saw blade.
In addition, since saw blade cuts along the entire cutting length, chips are also generated along the length of cutting length.
The chips are wound up like a spring and taken up around a part called the base of the blade.
As you may have guessed, a pitch that is small for a long cutting length will clog (chips will accumulate at the bottom of the blade), and conversely, a large pitch for a short cutting length will not improve cutting efficiency.
In addition, the amount of cutting chips also changes depending on the SZ value, so this must also be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate pitch depending on the item being cut, the machine and saw blade.
For example, in our company based on the above Pitch Selection Process As an example, the load on the blade (denoted as SZ = depth of cut per blade) depends on the material to be cutting cut and the machine to be cutting cut, but if we assume a Kinkelder high technology saw blade with high rigidity Fully automatic cutting machine machine (cutting speed 150m/min), we calculate a load of SZ = 0.08mm depth of cut per blade, In a 50 square 2.3t pipe, the pitch is 10 can be calculated as follows.
*Details of the calculation are omitted due to space restrictions. The pitch will vary depending on cutting speed of the cutting machine, sowe will support you.
About SZ (depth of cut per tooth)
* It depends on the machine you are using.
The amount of cutting is how much cutting is done per blade, and it can be said that this is correlated with the blade bag (bottom of the blade) and the cutting length (commonly called clogging).
It is also affected by the rigidity of the cutting machine, and manual machines are set to small values, while high rigidity machines are set to high values. In addition, the thickness of saw blade and the side shape of saw blade (POWER shape) may also affect the setting.
Basically, from the viewpoint of wear, the minimum rounding up at the time of cutting such as manual machinery is 0.03 mm when it is done by human power, etc., and about Kaltenbach cutting machine0.13 mm when heavy cutting is performed at a relatively low speed with hydraulic feed on a .
Also, the SZ considerations need to be changed depending on the material being cutting (non-ferrous = higher, spring steel = lower).
About the angle of metal saw blade
*Changing this might change your cutting results.
γ: rake angle Change depending on shape and material
Iron basic: 18 degrees (recommended by Kinkelder) Aluminum, etc.: 25 degrees
*Reference 400-500N/m㎡ Pipe
It is advisable to consider where the blade enters the material on your machine. Each company has its own differences (approach angle, swing, straight ahead).
In general, the harder the cutting material, the smaller the angle (shear rather than cutting)* approaching tipped saw blade cutting (rigidity and torque are required).
α: Relief angle Change depending on shape and material
Iron Basic: 8 degrees (recommended by Kinkelder) Aluminum: 12 degrees
*Reference 400-500N/m㎡ Pipe
It is advisable to consider the position where the blade enters the material on your machine. Each manufacturer has their own differences (entrance angle, swing, straight movement).
Generally, the harder the material being cutting, the smaller the angle should be.
From the above, it can be said that the sharper the blade is, the easier it will dig into it and the more likely it will chip, and the thicker it will be, the stronger it will be, but the harder it will be to cut.
>>Download the Daido Kogyo metal saw blade catalog
About coating
These days, there are black cutters and gold cutters, right?
There are three purposes for why coating is applied.
Ⅰ Improved wear resistance of saw blades
① Improved surface hardness by coating (1,500 to 3,500 HV)
As a reference hardness
HSS: 760-840HV TCT (tungsten carbide): about 1400HV
② Smooth the surface and reduce frictional resistance on the cutting edge and overall surface
3) Reduction of heat damage to the saw board during cutting
④Prevention of oxidation on the saw blade surface
Ⅱ Improving productivity
(1) Can do cutting quickly → Can do cutting speed quickly. Can increase the amount of infeed.
② Longer life due to reduced wear on the cutting edge
③Reduction of burr generation
④ Cutting oil, etc. can be reduced
Ⅲ Improvement of cost and workability
① Increased production volume per hour
②Reducing the burden on machines
③Reduction of consumable costs due to longer life (especially reduction in number of polishing times)
④Improvement of deburring work by reducing burrs
⑤Reduction of saw blade replacement time, etc.
⑥ Reduced consumption costs and improved work environment by reducing cutting oil consumption
Coated saw blades are expensive, but if their lifespan is extended, the cost of resharpening especially for metal saw blade, can be reduced by the number of times they are sharpened x the number of times the blade is stretched.
Ultimately, there are stories of cutting costs being cut in half simply by switching to a high-tech saw.
We will give you a trial calculation, so please give us a call.
Thank you for reading to the end.
You can download the catalog for free using the button below.
